Amoxicillin Trihydrate: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects

Generic Name
Amoxicillin Trihydrate

Therapeutic Class: Broad-spectrum penicillins

Indications:

Amoxicillin is indicated within the treatment of infections thanks to susceptible ß-lactamase negative strains of microorganisms. These infections include

• Ear, nose, and throat infections (i.e. otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis)
• Lower tract infections (i.e. pneumonia, acute and bronchitis lung abscess, empyema, bronchiectasis)
• Skin and soft tissue infections (i.e. cellulitis, carbuncles, furunculosis, infected wounds, abscess)
• Genito-urinary tract infections (i.e. pyelonephritis, cystitis, and urethritis)
• Venereal disease (i.e. acute uncomplicated gonorrhea)
• In dental abscesses, it's used as short-term therapy.
• It is also indicated together with Clarithromycin and Lansoprazole (as triple therapy), for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease and to scale back the danger of peptic ulcer recurrence.

Pharmacology:

Amoxicillin is broad-spectrum penicillin. it's effective against a good range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It acts through the inhibition of biosynthesis of the cell membrane. Amoxicillin is stable within the presence of gastric acid and is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. After an oral dose, the height plasma concentration of Amoxicillin is reached within 1 to 2 hours. Amoxicillin is cosmopolitan at a varying concentration in body tissues and fluids.

Dosage & Administration:

Adult: 250 mg 3 times daily, increasing up to 500 mg 3 times daily for severe infections.

Children (up to 10 years of age): 125 mg 3 times daily, increasing up to 250 mg 3 times daily for severe infections.

• Severe or recurrent purulent respiratory infection: 3 gm every 12 hours.
• Otitis media: The recommended dose is 1 g 3 times daily for adults and 40 mg/kg weight daily in 3 divided doses for youngsters (max. 3 g daily).
• Pneumonia: The recommended dose is 500-1000 mg 3 times daily.
• Dental abscess: The recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
• Urinary tract infections: The recommended dose is 3 gm, repeated after 10-12 hours.
• Gonorrhea: Single dose of 2-3 gm with Probenecid 1 gm is suggested (Probenecid is contraindicated in children under 2 years).
• In renal impairment: it's going to be necessary to scale back the entire daily dosage.

Administration:

Reconstituted suspensions are often administered by adding the specified amount of suspension to exploit, fruit crush, water. These preparations should then be taken immediately.

Interaction:

Concurrent use of Amoxicillin and Probenecid may end in increased and prolonged blood levels of Amoxicillin. Amoxicillin may affect the gut flora, resulting in lower estrogen reabsorption and reduced efficacy of combined oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptives.

Contraindications:

Amoxicillin is contraindicated in penicillin hypersensitive patients.

Side Effects:

Side effects are mild and transient in nature. this might include diarrhea, indigestion, or occasionally a rash. Pseudo-membranous colitis has been reported rarely.

Pregnancy & Lactation:

US FDA pregnancy category of Amoxicillin is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies aren't always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy as long as clearly needed. Amoxicillin has been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Amoxicillin is run to a lactating mother.

Precautions & Warnings:

The possibility of superinfections with mycotic or bacterial pathogens should be kept in mind during therapy. If superinfections occur, Amoxicillin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted.

Reconstitution:

Amoxycillin 500 mg Injection:

• Intramuscular: Add 2.5 ml water for injection to Amoxycillin 500 mg injection vial.
• Intravenous: Dissolve Amoxycillin 500 mg injection in 10 ml water for injection.

Storage:

Keep in a dry place far away from light and warmth. exclude of the reach of children.